Large Data Not Encrypted With RSA Encryption
My Problem:
My encryption code working fine for below 64 characters. but if it exceeds 64 character I got following error
javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException: input must be under 64 bytes
Encryption code
cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
rsaEncrypted= Base64.encodeToString(encryptedBytes, Base64.NO_WRAP);
Key generation code
KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyGen.initialize(512);
KeyPair keypair = keyGen.genKeyPair();
PublicKey pub = keypair.getPublic();
byte[] pubs = pub.getEncoded();
My question:
It's possible encrypt large text with 512 bits of keys? Any mistake in my code?
Note: If anyone want full of code I will update later.
Answer
Here is a direct quote from the seminal book titled Cryptography Engineering
by Ferguson, Schneier, and Kohno,
Encrypting a message is the canonical application of RSA, yet it is almost never used in practice. The reason is simple: the size of the message that can be encrypted using RSA is limited by the size of n. In real systems, you cannot even use all the bits, because the encoding function has an overhead. This limited message size is too impractical for most applications, and because the RSA operation is quite expensive in computational terms, you don’t want to split a message into smaller blocks and encrypt each of them with a separate RSA operation.
In other words, for a n-bit RSA key, the maximum length of data RSA can encrypt in bytes is
Floor(n/8) - 11
where 11 bytes is for padding
So for a key size of 512 bits, the maximum length of data that can be encrypted is,
512/8 - 11 = 53 bytes
Again from the book Cryptography Engineering
,
The solution used almost everywhere is to choose a random secret key K, and encrypt K with the RSA keys. The actual message m is then encrypted with key K using a block cipher or stream cipher. So instead of sending something like ERSA(m), you send ERSA(K),EK(m).
Basically, it's telling you do the following to get over the limitation of RSA,
- Generate a secret key,
K
using an algorithm such as AES. - Encrypt the plaintext,
m
, with the newly generated secret key to get cipher text, say EK(m). - Encrypt the secret key a RSA public key, ERSA(K).
- Sent the client the cipher text, EK(m), and the encrypted key ERSA(K).
- The client can decrypt ERSA(K) with the RSA private key to get
K
. - The client then decrypt the cipher text, EK(m) with
K
to getm
.
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