Is It Possible To Read The Content Of A Binary File As Dictionary In Python?

I have raw data files in binary format. While I have written the code earlier in MATLAB, I wanted to transform the same into PYTHON.

I have attached a couple of binary files. My MATLAB code for reading each of these files based on the file format specification document is as below:

f1 = fopen('p580.004','r')
if (f1 ~= -1)
    must = fread(f1,1,'int16');
    internaltrigger = fread(f1,1,'int8'); 
    internaldwell = fread(f1,1,'int8'); 
    dwellunits = fread(f1,1,'int8'); 
    check_dwell(dwellunits==0)=2;
    check_dwell(dwellunits==1)=0.002;
    check_dwell(dwellunits==2)=0.000002;
    check_dwell(dwellunits==3)=200;
    check_dwell(dwellunits>3)=NaN;
    check_dwell(dwellunits<0)=NaN;
    acqmode = fread(f1,1,'int8'); 
    formatdwell = fread(f1,1,'int32'); 
    passlength = fread(f1,1,'int16');
    passcount = fread(f1,1,'int32');
    passpreset = fread(f1,1,'int32');
    starttime = fread(f1,8,'*char');
    startdate = fread(f1,8,'*char');
    markerchannel = fread(f1,1,'int16');
    mcsno = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    calibtype = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    calibunit = fread(f1,4,'*char');
    calibcoef0 = fread(f1,4,'int8');
    calibcoef1 = fread(f1,4,'int8');
    externaldwelthrevolt = fread(f1,4,'int8');
    reserv1 = fread(f1,1,'int32');
    reserv2 = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    replacethesum = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    identbyte = fread(f1,1,'*char');
    progdwethrevolt = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    detdeslength = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    detdes = fread(f1,63,'*char');
    samplength = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    sampledes = fread(f1,63,'*char');
    lindisflag = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    linscale = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    disstarchannel = fread(f1,2,'int8');
    disnumchannels = fread(f1,1,'int16');
    reser = fread(f1,10,'int8');
    discse = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    discedg = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    discvolt = fread(f1,4,'int8');
    scaupvolt =fread(f1,1,'float32');
    scalolvolt = fread(f1,1,'float32');
    dwelltime = fread(f1,1,'float32');
    setconsflag = fread(f1,1,'int8');
    reserve = fread(f1,13,'int8');
    calibcoef2 = fread(f1,1,'float32');
    calibcoef3 = fread(f1,1,'float32');
    mcsid = fread(f1,8,'*char');
    if (dwelltime == check_dwell) && (length(startdate)>=2)
        x1= fread(f1,1024,'int32'); % Photon Count
        if (isempty(x1) ~= 1) && (length(x1) == 1024) && (length(find(x1>0))>100)
            photoncount(1:1024) = x1;
        else
            photoncount(1:1024) = NaN;
        end
        %%%%%%% converting char array to string %%%%%
        startdate=cell2mat(cellstr(startdate)');
        starttime=cell2mat(cellstr(starttime)');
        %%%%%%% checking for date format %%%%%
        test=find(startdate == '-');
        if (isempty(test) ~=1)
            day2=startdate(1,4:5);
            month2=startdate(1,1:2);
            year2=pfiles1(i).date(8:11);
        else
            if (strcmp(startdate,'') ~=1)
                day2=startdate(1,3:4);
                month2=startdate(1,1:2);
                year2=startdate(1,5:8);
            else
                day2='';
                month2='';
                year2='';
            end
        end
end

In PYTHON, I wrote the following code:

from array import array

fname = 'p580.004'

with open(fname,'rb') as file:

      pdata = array( 'B', file.read() )  # buffer the file

The pdata output results the following:

pdata = 

Out[1]: array('B', [252, 255, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 212, 48, 0, 0, 212, 48, 0, 0, 48, 48, 58, 49, 52, 58, 51, 54, 48, 57, 50, 57, 50, 48, 49, 56, 75, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 70, 179, 63, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 170, 1, 7, 77, 67, 66, 32, 49, 50, 49, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 225, 183, 15, 191, 255, 245, 31, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 64, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 77, 67, 83, 112, 45, 48, 48, 49, 75, 0, 0, 0, 183, 0, 0, 0, 210, 0, 0, 0, 201, 0, 0, 0, 178, 0, 0, 0, 169, 0, 0, 0, 130, 0, 0, 0, 103, 0, 0, 0, 90, 0, 0, 0, 95, 0, 0, 0, 84, 0, 0, 0, 61, 0, 0, 0, 52, 0, 0, 0, 55, 0, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 25, 0, 0, 0, 21, 0, 0, 0, 31, 0, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 21, 0, 0, 0, 27, 0, 0, 0, 21, 0, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 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If I use the following Python code:

with open(fname,'rb') as f:  # b is important -> binary
    fileContent = f.read()

Now, the fileContent output gives the output in hexadecimal format.

The following are my queries:

1. Is there a way I can read the binary file as a Dictionary in Python?
2. As you see the MATLAB code, there are different formatted variables e.g., int8, int16, int32, char, float32. How to handle these different formats with the Python code I wrote?
3. I have tried to search internet but could not understand how to identify the format of the data in the binary file (assuming you don't have format specification information) and how to assign the actual values to the variables.
4. Can anyone help me convert the MATLAB script to Python code for reading the binary file?

Based on the suggestions, I have revised the code as below:

fname = 'p580.004'
with open(fname, 'rb') as fd:
    binbuf = fd.read()

data_names = ('must','internaltrigger','internaldwell','dwellunits', \
              'acqmode','formatdwell','passlength','passcount','passpreset', \
              'starttime','startdate','markerchannel','mcsno','calibtype', \
              'calibunit','calibcoef0','calibcoef1','externaldwelthrevolt', \
              'reserv1','reserv2','replacethesum','identbyte', \
              'progdwethrevolt','detdeslength','detdes','samplength', \
              'sampledes','lindisflag','linscale','disstarchannel', \
              'disnumchannels','reser','discse','discedg','discvolt', \
              'scaupvolt','scalolvolt','dwelltime','setconstflag', \
              'reserve','calibcoef2','calibcoef3','mcsid','Ncount')
data_tuple = struct.unpack_from('hbbbbihii8s8schbb4s4b4b4bibbcbb63pb63cbb2bh10bbb4bfffh13hff8c1024i', binbuf)

The main issue I am facing is defining the format of the binary file. There is an inconsistency in the len(binbuf) and the struct.calcsize('hbbbbihii8s8schbb4s4b4b4bibbcbb63pb63cbb2bh10bbb4bfffh13hff8c1024i'). Can anyone suggest me where I am going wrong in the formatting based on the MATLAB code indicated above?

I could write the PYTHON code using numpy as below:

import numpy as np

dt=np.dtype([('must',np.int16),
   ('nternaltrigger',np.int8),
   ('internaldwell',np.int8),
   ('dwellunits',np.int8),
   ('acqmode',np.int8),
   ('formatdwell',np.int32),
   ('passlength',np.int16),
   ('passcount',np.int32),
   ('passpreset',np.int32),
   ('starttime','|S8'),
   ('startdate','|S8'),
   ('markerchannel',np.int16),
   ('mcsno',np.int8),
   ('calibtype',np.int8),
   ('calibunit','|S4'),
   ('calibcoef0','|S4'),
   ('calibcoef1','|S4'),
   ('externaldwelthrevolt',np.int8,(4,)),
   ('reserv1',np.int32),
   ('reserv2',np.int8),
   ('replacethesum',np.int8),
   ('identbyte','|S1'),
   ('progdwethrevolt',np.int8),
   ('detdeslength',np.int8),
   ('detdes','|S63'),
   ('samplength',np.int8),
   ('sampledes','|S63'),
   ('lindisflag',np.int8),
   ('linscale',np.int8),
   ('disstarchannel',np.int8,(2,)),
   ('disnumchannels',np.int16),
   ('reser',np.int8,(10,)),
   ('discse',np.int8),
   ('discedg',np.int8),
   ('discvolt',np.int8,(4,)),
   ('scaupvolt',np.float32),
   ('scalolvolt',np.float32),
   ('dwelltime',np.float32),
   ('setconsflag',np.int8),
   ('reserve',np.int8,(13,)),
   ('calibcoef2',np.float32),
   ('calibcoef3',np.float32),
   ('mcsid','|S8'),
   ('photocount',np.int32,(1024,))])

f=np.fromfile('p580.004',dtype=dt)
d=dict(zip(f.dtype.names,f[0]))

This works fine as required. Thanks everyone for the suggestion and initial help.